Due to the characteristics of lead-acid batteries, the main reason for the end of his life is: vulcanization. It is necessary to solve the problem of eliminating the vulcanized electric vehicle battery by a certain method through professional means.
The working principle of lead-acid electric vehicle battery: The process of charging and discharging lead-acid battery is the process of electrochemical reaction. When charging, lead sulfate forms lead oxide, and lead oxide is reduced to lead sulfate when discharged. Lead sulphate is a substance that is very easy to crystallize. When the concentration of lead sulphate in the electrolytic solution in the battery is too high or the static idle time is too long, it will "carry" into a group and form small crystals. These small crystals will attract the surrounding area. The lead sulfate, like a snowball, forms a large inert crystal. When the lead sulfate is crystallized, it can not be reduced to lead oxide, but also precipitates on the electrode plate, causing the working area of ​​the electrode plate to decrease. This phenomenon is called Vulcanization, also known as aging. At this time, the battery capacity will gradually decrease until it is unusable. When the lead sulfate is piled up in a large amount, lead particles are attracted to form lead branches, and the lead bridge between the positive and negative plates causes a short circuit of the battery. If there is a gap in the surface of the plate or the sealed molded case, lead sulphate crystals will accumulate in these gaps and cause expansion tension, which eventually causes the plate to break off or the outer casing to rupture, resulting in irreparable physical damage to the battery. Therefore, the main mechanism leading to failure and damage of lead-acid batteries is the vulcanization that the battery itself cannot avoid. As long as it is a lead-acid battery, it will be vulcanized during use, but lead-acid batteries in other fields have a longer life than lead-acid batteries used on electric bicycles. This is because lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles have a more easily vulcanized. Work environment. The lead storage battery used in the car is only discharged in one direction during ignition. After ignition, the generator will automatically charge the battery without causing deep discharge of the battery. Electric bicycles are not likely to be charged when riding, and often exceed 60% of deep discharge. When deep discharge, the concentration of lead sulfate increases, and the vulcanization is quite serious.
We are unable to prevent the occurrence of vulcanization during use, but we have a way to reduce the occurrence of vulcanization. Causes of vulcanization: high current discharge, deep discharge, not timely charging, frequent charging, short charging time, and factors of the charger itself. To reduce the vulcanization of electric vehicle battery cells and extend the service life of batteries, it is first necessary to improve the working environment of electric bicycles. Reduce the weight of the car body, remove unnecessary decorative parts, properly limit the speed, do not carry heavy objects, do supplemental charging when not using electric bicycle for a long time, it is best to charge in time after each discharge, to do undervoltage protection, To prevent over-discharge of the battery, the undervoltage protection for the nominal 24V should be set at 21.5V~22V, and the undervoltage protection for the nominal 36V should be 32.5V±0.5V. For the nominal 48V, it should be set at 44V~45V. This voltage reduces the continuation capability by less than 2 kilometers, but it can effectively extend the battery life.
Every three months, go to the professional maintenance point to check the battery regularly and replenish the water in time. These methods are simple and easy to implement, and the economic costs are very low, but it is difficult to strictly observe them. Therefore, special equipment can be used for sulfur removal maintenance. These methods include:
1. Use desktop rapid desulfurization equipment
The working principle of the desktop fast desulfurization equipment is high voltage and high current pulse charging, and the vulcanization is eliminated by negative resistance breakdown. This method is fast and effective, and can obtain the temporary effect of eliminating vulcanization. However, high-voltage and high-current can remove sulfur and can remove active substances, which causes serious water loss and softening of the positive plate in eliminating vulcanization. Fatal damage to the battery, the battery after the sulfur removal twice by this type of equipment will be basically scrapped.
In addition, the current professional maintenance point for a sulfur removal charge is basically between 60 and 80 yuan, which can extend battery life for up to half a year, and does not have significant economic benefits for users. At present, the professional battery maintenance shop owners on the market have already understood the harm of this method. Therefore, there has been a device for pulse discharge desulfurization. In fact, the fundamental principle has not changed, but the constant current from a constant high voltage has become a transient. Peak high pressure will still damage the active material of the plate, and friends who have used such products should be aware of this.
2. Select a desulfurization charger
Currently, there are three working principles for the desulfurization charger.
One is similar to the working principle of desktop fast desulfurization equipment. It uses high voltage and high current pulse charging to remove sulfur through negative resistance. It has been shown that this method will cause fatal damage to battery life and has been negated by the market.
The second is to use a fast pulsed charge and discharge pulse, using instantaneous peaks to interfere with the vulcanization of the battery during charging.
The other is to periodically reduce the lead sulfate crystals of the battery by using 10% to 20% overcharge. Both chargers can remove sulfur during charging, but it will cause undercharge or overcharge, and ignore the fact that the battery discharge process is the most important vulcanization process. Therefore, the effect is not satisfactory, most users are With the charger equipped with the electric vehicle, the desulfurization method of this repeated investment will be abandoned.
3. Use online lead-acid battery extension device
The online lead-acid battery extension device is connected in parallel with the battery to prevent and eliminate the vulcanization of the electric vehicle battery for 24 hours.
This method is slower to repair, and the repair time is longer, often more than 120 hours, but both the charging and discharging processes can prevent and eliminate the vulcanization, and the repairing effect is very good. Because of the low voltage and low current, the extension does not have a strong impact on the battery plate, resulting in water loss and softening. This is a consistent maintenance method, especially for new batteries with better quality, which can extend battery life. ~5 times, the extension can be used continuously, which can save a lot of economic costs for the rider friends. If the battery is replaced once a year, a battery of 400 yuan, the user will spend 4,000 yuan in 10 years on the replacement of the battery, a conservative calculation, if you use the extension to extend the battery life twice, 10 years can save nearly half Battery cost.
The above is the solution to eliminate the vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries, but these methods can not be completed by the readers themselves, and must be completed by professionals. In this way, it is possible to solve the problem of eliminating the vulcanization of the electric vehicle battery from the root cause. Remind readers that providing a good working environment for electric vehicle batteries can greatly reduce the occurrence of vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries. Any method that solves the problem of eliminating the vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries will cause more or less damage to the battery plates of electric vehicles. Damage.
The working principle of lead-acid electric vehicle battery: The process of charging and discharging lead-acid battery is the process of electrochemical reaction. When charging, lead sulfate forms lead oxide, and lead oxide is reduced to lead sulfate when discharged. Lead sulphate is a substance that is very easy to crystallize. When the concentration of lead sulphate in the electrolytic solution in the battery is too high or the static idle time is too long, it will "carry" into a group and form small crystals. These small crystals will attract the surrounding area. The lead sulfate, like a snowball, forms a large inert crystal. When the lead sulfate is crystallized, it can not be reduced to lead oxide, but also precipitates on the electrode plate, causing the working area of ​​the electrode plate to decrease. This phenomenon is called Vulcanization, also known as aging. At this time, the battery capacity will gradually decrease until it is unusable. When the lead sulfate is piled up in a large amount, lead particles are attracted to form lead branches, and the lead bridge between the positive and negative plates causes a short circuit of the battery. If there is a gap in the surface of the plate or the sealed molded case, lead sulphate crystals will accumulate in these gaps and cause expansion tension, which eventually causes the plate to break off or the outer casing to rupture, resulting in irreparable physical damage to the battery. Therefore, the main mechanism leading to failure and damage of lead-acid batteries is the vulcanization that the battery itself cannot avoid. As long as it is a lead-acid battery, it will be vulcanized during use, but lead-acid batteries in other fields have a longer life than lead-acid batteries used on electric bicycles. This is because lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles have a more easily vulcanized. Work environment. The lead storage battery used in the car is only discharged in one direction during ignition. After ignition, the generator will automatically charge the battery without causing deep discharge of the battery. Electric bicycles are not likely to be charged when riding, and often exceed 60% of deep discharge. When deep discharge, the concentration of lead sulfate increases, and the vulcanization is quite serious.
We are unable to prevent the occurrence of vulcanization during use, but we have a way to reduce the occurrence of vulcanization. Causes of vulcanization: high current discharge, deep discharge, not timely charging, frequent charging, short charging time, and factors of the charger itself. To reduce the vulcanization of electric vehicle battery cells and extend the service life of batteries, it is first necessary to improve the working environment of electric bicycles. Reduce the weight of the car body, remove unnecessary decorative parts, properly limit the speed, do not carry heavy objects, do supplemental charging when not using electric bicycle for a long time, it is best to charge in time after each discharge, to do undervoltage protection, To prevent over-discharge of the battery, the undervoltage protection for the nominal 24V should be set at 21.5V~22V, and the undervoltage protection for the nominal 36V should be 32.5V±0.5V. For the nominal 48V, it should be set at 44V~45V. This voltage reduces the continuation capability by less than 2 kilometers, but it can effectively extend the battery life.
Every three months, go to the professional maintenance point to check the battery regularly and replenish the water in time. These methods are simple and easy to implement, and the economic costs are very low, but it is difficult to strictly observe them. Therefore, special equipment can be used for sulfur removal maintenance. These methods include:
1. Use desktop rapid desulfurization equipment
The working principle of the desktop fast desulfurization equipment is high voltage and high current pulse charging, and the vulcanization is eliminated by negative resistance breakdown. This method is fast and effective, and can obtain the temporary effect of eliminating vulcanization. However, high-voltage and high-current can remove sulfur and can remove active substances, which causes serious water loss and softening of the positive plate in eliminating vulcanization. Fatal damage to the battery, the battery after the sulfur removal twice by this type of equipment will be basically scrapped.
In addition, the current professional maintenance point for a sulfur removal charge is basically between 60 and 80 yuan, which can extend battery life for up to half a year, and does not have significant economic benefits for users. At present, the professional battery maintenance shop owners on the market have already understood the harm of this method. Therefore, there has been a device for pulse discharge desulfurization. In fact, the fundamental principle has not changed, but the constant current from a constant high voltage has become a transient. Peak high pressure will still damage the active material of the plate, and friends who have used such products should be aware of this.
2. Select a desulfurization charger
Currently, there are three working principles for the desulfurization charger.
One is similar to the working principle of desktop fast desulfurization equipment. It uses high voltage and high current pulse charging to remove sulfur through negative resistance. It has been shown that this method will cause fatal damage to battery life and has been negated by the market.
The second is to use a fast pulsed charge and discharge pulse, using instantaneous peaks to interfere with the vulcanization of the battery during charging.
The other is to periodically reduce the lead sulfate crystals of the battery by using 10% to 20% overcharge. Both chargers can remove sulfur during charging, but it will cause undercharge or overcharge, and ignore the fact that the battery discharge process is the most important vulcanization process. Therefore, the effect is not satisfactory, most users are With the charger equipped with the electric vehicle, the desulfurization method of this repeated investment will be abandoned.
3. Use online lead-acid battery extension device
The online lead-acid battery extension device is connected in parallel with the battery to prevent and eliminate the vulcanization of the electric vehicle battery for 24 hours.
This method is slower to repair, and the repair time is longer, often more than 120 hours, but both the charging and discharging processes can prevent and eliminate the vulcanization, and the repairing effect is very good. Because of the low voltage and low current, the extension does not have a strong impact on the battery plate, resulting in water loss and softening. This is a consistent maintenance method, especially for new batteries with better quality, which can extend battery life. ~5 times, the extension can be used continuously, which can save a lot of economic costs for the rider friends. If the battery is replaced once a year, a battery of 400 yuan, the user will spend 4,000 yuan in 10 years on the replacement of the battery, a conservative calculation, if you use the extension to extend the battery life twice, 10 years can save nearly half Battery cost.
The above is the solution to eliminate the vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries, but these methods can not be completed by the readers themselves, and must be completed by professionals. In this way, it is possible to solve the problem of eliminating the vulcanization of the electric vehicle battery from the root cause. Remind readers that providing a good working environment for electric vehicle batteries can greatly reduce the occurrence of vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries. Any method that solves the problem of eliminating the vulcanization of electric vehicle batteries will cause more or less damage to the battery plates of electric vehicles. Damage.
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