1 Overview
The process of marketization of electricity in our country is very rapid. The concept of electricity is a commodity, and the concept of first-used electricity is gradually gaining popularity. Now there are all kinds of pre-charged electricity meter , which makes the toll from the past tedious manual meter reading, manual pricing for the user card to buy electricity, to achieve the automation of electricity collection and management. Non-contact IC card (also known as radio frequency card) is a new technology developed in recent years in foreign countries. It successfully combines Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and IC card technology to solve passive and contactless problem. RF card without special power supply; it has no mechanical contact with the read-write module, to avoid contact failure, to prevent malicious attacks; it's bare surface of the chip, waterproof, and not prone to electrostatic breakdown and bending damage and other issues; RF card without front and back when in use.
2 radio frequency identification part of the working principle
2. 1 Mifare non-contact IC card profile
The system uses the Philps Mifare card series S50 card, the card complies with ISO / IEC 14443A protocol, working at 13. 56MHz. S50 memory capacity of 1 K bytes, the card is divided into 16 sectors (Sector), each sector is divided into 4 blocks (Block), and each segment has 16 bytes of storage. For the 0 sector, there are only 3 actually available data segments, and the 0th segment is the vendor information such as the serial number of the card and is read-only. Segment 3 of each sector, the sector tail, stores the two keys (6 bytes each) of the sector and access control words.
2. 2 Mifare non-contact IC card reader module introduction
Non-contact IC card system consists of a read-write module and non-contact IC card composed of two parts. The application system operates the card by reading and writing the module. The card reader synchronously communicates by radio frequency signal and provides energy for the chip on the card. The non-contact IC card responds to the instruction of the read / write module and reports the result of the processing. Non-contact IC card by connecting the IC chip coil in a specific alternating magnetic field coupled to obtain high-voltage energy, non-contact IC card read and write module transmits an alternating strong magnetic field through the antenna for the IC card to provide energy; and through the magnetic field off Continued encoding to write or read data to the IC card.
In order to save the power of the main MCU MCU interface resources, the system uses its own design and development of RF modules, the module uses asynchronous serial communication with the main MCU. The module by the Philips MFRC500 read and write base station chip, AT89C52 and related peripheral circuits. It can accomplish various interactive functions between read-write module and IC card, including modulation / demodulation, encryption / decryption, authentication, read and write, add / subtract, etc., and has the same interface with the microprocessor. Non-contact IC card and read-write module communication includes reset response, anti-collision, select the card, mutual authentication, the operation of the data block and the suspension of such operations.
3 prepaid meter system structure
Pre-charged meter can be divided into two kinds of electronic and electromechanical, their difference lies in the power conversion element is different. The former will be the voltage and current A / D conversion, and then multiplied by the sample value and accumulated to get the user power consumption number; the latter borrowing the original induction meter movement, through the photoelectric sensor to read the carousel data to the user The number of electricity consumption. The system uses today's popular electronic programs.
The system uses TI's 16-bit ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430F413, as the system's main MCU. Internal 8K flash, having a 16-bit RISC architecture, CPU registers and the function generator 16 so MSP430 micro- controller to achieve maximum code efficiency; flexible clock source; DCO digital control from a low power device can quickly Wake up; the energy can be converted directly into a pulse signal, combined with power metering ASIC AD7755, so that the hardware part of the meter is greatly simplified, and it is easy to achieve intelligent control.
The host computer to complete the recording of user power consumption, accumulation, display, communication and control functions. Coupled with a non-contact IC card module to complete the power management department to the user between the currency conversion and the amount of information transmission. The system is equipped with infrared and RS-485 bus interface can easily copy data. In addition, the system also contains a serial EEPROM, with the power management chip to achieve a reliable backup of power data.
4 system works
(1) When the user holds the IC card to pay the power supply department, the power supply department places the user's IC card on the read-write module connected to the PC, and writes the number of the user's payment on the IC card by the writing card program Corresponding to a certain degree of power.
(2) The user brings the IC card back, skips the card over the precharge meter, and the card power reading is read by the host and added to the remaining battery charge in the precharge meter. As the machine uses a backup battery, power-down will not lose data. In addition there is a serial EEPROM system, used to achieve data backup.
(3) With the use of power by the user, the main MCU deducts the corresponding amount of power in the memory and backs up it to the EEPROM in time.
(4) Monocomputer at any time to monitor the remaining memory in the number of degrees is less than 15 degrees. If so, light up the LED indicator that will make the best use of power, prompting the user to hold the card to the power supply department to purchase electricity again.
(5) When the microcontroller found that the remaining electricity in the user meter completely run out, the control relay to cut off the user power supply.
(6) The electric card according to a table a card configuration, the memory card number and user ID, as well as the IC card transmission key. When the user's IC card is placed on the read-write module of the power supply department, the PC records the card's number, date and the corresponding payment number for the user at the same time, and writes it into the database so that the power supply department At any time in the PC to query the user purchase electricity, to achieve the power supply tube
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