Low evaporating temperature, large specific volume of suction, small mass flow, difficult to return oil for ultra-low temperature machine: when the evaporation temperature is -40 °C, its specific air volume can reach 0.20575m3/Kg and high temperature machine (specific volume is 0.034715). ) is nearly 6 times larger. The mass flow rate of the corresponding refrigerant is about 6 times smaller, and such a small refrigerant flow rate makes it difficult to bring the lubricating oil back to the compressor oil sump. As time goes by, the compressor oil pool and oil surface are reduced, which will lead to difficulty in oil absorption, and the friction between the sliding parts of the pump body will worsen the sealing failure, which will eventually reduce the performance of the compressor and reduce the reliability. To control the discharge of the cryostat to the outside of the machine, it will be an important measure to ensure its performance and improve its reliability.
In the development process, an oil and gas separation baffle was installed at the exhaust muffler, a damping element was added at the end of the crankshaft, an L-shaped exhaust pipe and a small angle of the compressor were placed obliquely, and the machine was controlled to the outside. The oil discharge, while properly raising the oil level of the oil suction end of the crankshaft, s received good results. After three months of life assessment, the compressor shows that the oil level of the oil pool is not reduced, and the crankshaft can still be transported normally.
The compressor ratio is large, the exhaust gas temperature is increased, the leakage tendency is large, the volumetric efficiency is liable to decrease, the compression ratio is large, and the exhaust gas temperature is increased. When the cryostat is operated at -40 °C, the pressure ratio of the unit with R22 as refrigerant can reach 15.9. Under adiabatic compression condition, the final compression temperature (T2) of the compressor and the initial compression temperature (T1) and compression ratio It has the following relationship: T2=T1(P2/P1)k-1/k (where P2/P1 is the compression ratio) K is the adiabatic index (R22K value is 1.184). From the above formula, the higher the initial temperature of the compressor, the compression The larger the ratio, the larger the K value, and the higher the temperature T2 at the end of compression.
According to the test results of Professor Kawasaki Luyi of Japan, the compressor using R22 as a refrigerant has an exhaust temperature of 133.3 °C at an evaporation temperature of -23.3 °C, which greatly exceeds the permissible value of the safety limit. Since the cryostat is allowed to be used at -40 ° C to 45 ° C, the temperature rise will be higher, which is not allowed. For this we have adopted liquid jet cooling technology on cryogenic machines.
The so-called "liquid jet cooling" means that in the rotary compressor, when the compression stroke has not reached the exhaust pressure, the condensed R22 liquid refrigerant is introduced into the compressor through the capillary and injected into the cylinder to evaporate latent heat (R22 evaporation) The latent heat is 55.81 cal/g) to cool the internal cylinder to reduce the exhaust temperature and motor temperature, and to achieve safe and reliable operation of the compressor.
Development example The QHL-29E horizontal rotary compressor developed by a company is compared with the imported A company reciprocating cryogenic machine J2212K. The values ​​are shown in the table below.
It can be seen from the table that when the displacement is 15% smaller and the weight is 27%, the refrigeration capacity of the compressor is 12% higher and the height is also decreased by 31%. This shows that the horizontal rotary cryogenic machine has certain advantages over the reciprocating cryogenic machine. If the series development of QHL horizontal machine is completed, it will be possible to replace the import of A company's reciprocating “Eâ€, “T†and “J†series products, and realize the matching with domestically produced corresponding freezer and large-capacity household refrigerator.
Conclusion The technical characteristics of the low-temperature horizontal compressor are: low evaporation temperature, small mass flow, and difficult oil return. The structure adopts a damping design to control the oil discharge to the outside of the machine, ensuring that the crankshaft can normally deliver oil; the compression ratio is large, the exhaust temperature is high, and the leakage tendency is large. The liquid-cooling technology is adopted to reduce the matching clearance between the sliding parts, improve the lubrication and sealing efficiency, and ensure the performance and reliability of the compressor. The structure is reduced in the cantilever of the rotor system and a two-way thrust surface is provided on the crankshaft, and a good effect of stable operation is received.
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