In the 1960s, China began developing vacuum freeze-drying equipment, primarily for use in the pharmaceutical sector. To expand its applications, the country also started creating large-scale systems intended for use in health products and agricultural processing. However, due to limited domestic demand during that period, the industry faced a decline in the late 1960s and early 1980s, leading to stagnation.
Since 1998, the market for vacuum freeze-drying equipment has shown significant improvement, with growing demand and better sales performance. Despite this progress, most large-scale systems used in China’s food, healthcare, and pharmaceutical industries are still imported from abroad, often at high costs. While a few domestic companies have attempted to manufacture such equipment, they face challenges related to technology, quality, and consistency. Common issues include uneven heating and insufficient vacuum levels, which can slow down the drying process. The critical vacuum level for sublimation drying is typically around 4.7 mmHg at 0°C, making it essential to maintain precise conditions.
Microwave vacuum freeze-drying equipment has been available in China for over a decade, but most of it is small-scale and not widely adopted. The production of such systems is technically complex, which has hindered broader commercialization. One of the main technical challenges in manufacturing microwave vacuum freeze-drying equipment is the discharge of low-pressure gases. When the gas under vacuum becomes diluted, applying external energy can cause high-frequency discharges. This phenomenon leads to problems such as poor microwave transmission into the material, excessive reflection, damage to the sealing window, and ultimately, a breakdown of the vacuum environment inside the oven. These issues significantly impact the efficiency and reliability of the system.
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