Introduction to ASTM B861 for Seamless Titanium Pipes
ASTM B861, also known as ASME SB 861, is a widely recognized standard that outlines the requirements for seamless titanium and titanium alloy pipes. This specification is particularly important in industries such as chemical processing, where corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance are critical. Among the various grades, ASTM B861 Grade 2 Titanium Pipe is commonly used in heat exchangers due to its excellent resistance to corrosion and durability under harsh conditions.
The standard covers 34 different grades of titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes, each designed for specific applications ranging from general corrosion resistance to high-temperature environments. These materials are valued for their strength, light weight, and ability to withstand extreme conditions without degrading.
Overview of ASTM B861 Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
The material grades included in ASTM B861 can be broadly categorized into commercially pure (CP) titanium grades and titanium-based alloy grades. Each grade has unique properties that make it suitable for different industrial uses. Below is a list of common grades and their composition:
|
Material Grade |
Material Component |
|
Gr1/Gr2/Gr3 |
Unalloyed Titanium |
|
Gr7 |
Unalloyed Titanium with 0.12–0.25% Palladium |
|
Gr9 |
Titanium Alloy (3% Aluminum, 2.5% Vanadium) |
|
Gr11 |
Unalloyed Titanium with 0.12–0.25% Palladium |
|
Gr12 |
Titanium Alloy (0.3% Molybdenum, 0.8% Nickel) |
|
Gr16 |
Unalloyed Titanium with 0.04–0.08% Palladium |
Here is a breakdown of the ASTM B861 grades:
|
ASTM B861 |
Grade |
|
Commercially Pure (CP) Grades |
Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 7, Grade 11 (CP Ti-0.15Pd), Grade 16, Grade 17, Grade 26, Grade 27 |
|
Titanium Based Alloys Grades |
Grade 5, Grade 9 (Ti 3Al-2.5V), Grade 12 (Ti-0.3-Mo-0.8Ni), Grade 19 (Ti Beta C), Grade 23 (Ti 6Al-4V ELI), Grade 28 |
Chemical Composition of ASTM B861 Grade 2
Grade 2 titanium is one of the most commonly used commercial pure grades in ASTM B861. It offers good mechanical properties and is ideal for general-purpose applications. Here is the typical chemical composition:
|
Titanium (Ti) |
Ni |
C |
H |
Fe |
O |
Total |
|
Balance |
0.03 max |
0.08 |
0.015 |
0.30 max |
0.25 |
0.0–0.10 |
Physical Properties of ASTM B861 Grade 2
The physical properties of ASTM B861 Grade 2 make it a popular choice for a wide range of industrial applications. The key mechanical properties include:
|
Mechanical Property |
Value |
|
Proof Stress |
275–450 MPa |
|
Tensile Strength |
345 Min MPa |
|
Elongation A50 mm |
20 Min % |
Overall, ASTM B861 provides a reliable framework for selecting and using titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes in demanding environments. Whether you're working in chemical processing, aerospace, or marine engineering, understanding the specifications and properties of these materials is essential for ensuring long-term performance and safety.
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